* Unsurpassed accuracy and precision
* Low power requirement (120 watts)
* Extremely wide range of concentrations
* Fast measurement response time (2 seconds)
Now you can accurately measure the 18O/16O and D/H ratios in ambient water vapor (1000 ppm–saturated) rapidly with high precision (e.g., better than 0.5‰ and 2.0‰ in a measurement time of 2 seconds, respectively – of course, longer averaging times may be used to provide better precision, if desired). Our Water-Vapor Isotope Analyzer requires only 120 watts of power and does not require any sample preparation or user intervention, which enables long-term studies of water-vapor isotopes with unprecedented performance. In addition, the WVIA provides simultaneous measurements of water vapor mixing ratio [H2O] with ppm-level precision.
The rugged, field-portable packaging makes this instrument ideally suited for a myriad of hydrological, atmospheric science, and industrial monitoring applications. The instrument includes an internal computer that can store data practically indefinitely on its internal hard drive (for applications requiring unattended long-term operation) and send real-time data to a data logger through its analog and digital (RS232) outputs. In addition, an Ethernet connection allows remote access to data files stored on the instrument’s hard drive. The instrument also includes, as standard, an embedded keyboard, mouse and monitor, for your convenience.
Wednesday, January 14, 2009
Hydrogen Fluoride Analyzer
* High Precision
* High Sensitivity
* Simple to Use
* Extremely Wide Dynamic Range
* Economical of Own and Operate
LGR’s Hydrogen Fluoride Analyzer (HFA) provides sensitive measurements of HF in ambient air or in industrial process flows with extremely high precision and sensitivity. No longer do you have to spend a lot of money or wait a long time to measure HF with extremely high sensitivity – LGR’s HF Analyzer provides measurements every second with ppbv-level precision. In addition, the HFA can report measurements quickly over a very wide range of HF concentrations. The instrument, based on LGR’s cavity enhanced laser absorption spectroscopy, is extremely simple to use, inexpensive to operate, and includes all components (internal vacuum pump, keyboard, mouse, video monitor) to start recording data within minutes. Other atmospheric gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane, do not interfere with the HF measurements. The instrument includes an internal computer that can store data practically indefinitely on its internal hard drive (for unattended long-term operation), and that can send real-time data to a data logger through its analog and digital (RS232 serial) outputs. In addition, an Ethernet connection allows remote access to data files stored on the instrument’s hard drive. LGR’s Hydrogen Fluoride Analyzer provides the high quality data necessary for the most demanding trace gas monitoring applications.
* High Sensitivity
* Simple to Use
* Extremely Wide Dynamic Range
* Economical of Own and Operate
LGR’s Hydrogen Fluoride Analyzer (HFA) provides sensitive measurements of HF in ambient air or in industrial process flows with extremely high precision and sensitivity. No longer do you have to spend a lot of money or wait a long time to measure HF with extremely high sensitivity – LGR’s HF Analyzer provides measurements every second with ppbv-level precision. In addition, the HFA can report measurements quickly over a very wide range of HF concentrations. The instrument, based on LGR’s cavity enhanced laser absorption spectroscopy, is extremely simple to use, inexpensive to operate, and includes all components (internal vacuum pump, keyboard, mouse, video monitor) to start recording data within minutes. Other atmospheric gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane, do not interfere with the HF measurements. The instrument includes an internal computer that can store data practically indefinitely on its internal hard drive (for unattended long-term operation), and that can send real-time data to a data logger through its analog and digital (RS232 serial) outputs. In addition, an Ethernet connection allows remote access to data files stored on the instrument’s hard drive. LGR’s Hydrogen Fluoride Analyzer provides the high quality data necessary for the most demanding trace gas monitoring applications.
Economical Ammonia Analyzer
* High Precision
* High Sensitivity
* Simple to Use
* Extremely Wide Dynamic Range
* Economical of Own and Operate
LGR’s Economical Ammonia Analyzer (EAA) provides sensitive measurements of ammonia in ambient air or in industrial process flows with extremely high precision and sensitivity. No longer do you have to spend a lot of money or wait a long time to measure ammonia with high sensitivity – LGR’s EAA provides measurements every second with ppbv-level precision. In addition, the EAA can report measurements quickly over a very wide range of ammonia concentrations. The instrument, based on LGR’s cavity enhanced laser absorption spectroscopy, is simple to use, inexpensive to operate, and includes all components (internal vacuum pump, keyboard,mouse, video monitor) to start recording data within minutes. Other atmospheric gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane, do not interfere with the ammonia measurements. The instrument includes an internal computer that can store data practically indefinitely on its internal hard drive (for unattended long-term operation), and that can send real-time data to a data logger through its analog and digital (RS232 serial) outputs. In addition, an Ethernet connection allows remote access to data files stored on the instrument’s hard drive. LGR’s EAA provides the high quality data necessary for the most demanding applications including semiconductor process monitoring and atmospheric trace gas monitoring. For customers interested in the highest precision with extremely fast response time, LGR offers the Trace Ammonia Analyzer.
* High Sensitivity
* Simple to Use
* Extremely Wide Dynamic Range
* Economical of Own and Operate
LGR’s Economical Ammonia Analyzer (EAA) provides sensitive measurements of ammonia in ambient air or in industrial process flows with extremely high precision and sensitivity. No longer do you have to spend a lot of money or wait a long time to measure ammonia with high sensitivity – LGR’s EAA provides measurements every second with ppbv-level precision. In addition, the EAA can report measurements quickly over a very wide range of ammonia concentrations. The instrument, based on LGR’s cavity enhanced laser absorption spectroscopy, is simple to use, inexpensive to operate, and includes all components (internal vacuum pump, keyboard,mouse, video monitor) to start recording data within minutes. Other atmospheric gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane, do not interfere with the ammonia measurements. The instrument includes an internal computer that can store data practically indefinitely on its internal hard drive (for unattended long-term operation), and that can send real-time data to a data logger through its analog and digital (RS232 serial) outputs. In addition, an Ethernet connection allows remote access to data files stored on the instrument’s hard drive. LGR’s EAA provides the high quality data necessary for the most demanding applications including semiconductor process monitoring and atmospheric trace gas monitoring. For customers interested in the highest precision with extremely fast response time, LGR offers the Trace Ammonia Analyzer.
Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Gas Analyzer
The Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) is a scientific instrument aboard the Phoenix spacecraft. TEGA's design is based on experience gained from the failed Mars Polar Lander. Soil samples taken from the Martian surface by the robot arm are eventually delivered to the TEGA, where they are heated in an oven to about 1,000ºC. This heat causes the volatile compounds to be given off as gases which are sent to a mass spectrometer for analysis. This spectrometer is adjusted to measure particularly the isotope ratios for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and heavier gases. Detection values as low as 10 parts per billion. The Phoenix TEGA has 8 ovens, which are enough for 8 samples.
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor industry. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there exists two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10 − 14 Torr levels, possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor industry. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there exists two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10 − 14 Torr levels, possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzer
Within this category, the magnetodynamic or `dumbbell' type of design is the predominate sensor type. Oxygen has a relatively high magnetic susceptibility as compared to other gases such as nitrogen, helium, argon, etc. and displays a paramagnetic behavior. The paramagnetic oxygen sensor consists of a cylindrical shaped container inside of which is placed a small glass dumbbell. The dumbbell is filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen and suspended on a taut platinum wire within a non-uniform magnetic field. The dumbbell is designed to move freely as it is suspended from the wire. When a sample gas containing oxygen is processed through the sensor, the oxygen molecules are attracted to the stronger of the two magnetic fields. This causes a displacement of the dumbbell which results in the dumbbell rotating. A precision optical system consisting of a light source, photodiode, and amplifier circuit is used to measure the degree of rotation of the dumbbell. In some paramagnetic oxygen sensor designs, an opposing current is applied to restore the dumbbell to its normal position. The current required to maintain the dumbbell in it normal state is directly proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen and is represented electronically in percent oxygen. There are design variations associated with the various manufacturers of magnetodynamic paramagnetic oxygen analyzer types. Also, other types of sensors have been developed that use the susceptibility of oxygen to a magnetic field which include the thermomagnetic or `magnetic wind' type and the magnetopneumatic sensor. In general, paramagnetic oxygen sensors offer very good response time characteristics and use no consumable parts, making sensor life, under normal conditions, quite good. It also offers excellent precision over a range of 1% to 100% oxygen. The magnetodynamic sensor is quite delicate and is sensitive to vibration and/or position. Due to the loss in measurement sensitivity, in general, the paramagnetic oxygen sensor is not recommended for trace oxygen measurements. Other gases that exhibit a magnetic susceptibility can produce sizeable measurement errors. Manufacturers of the paramagnetic oxygen analyzer should provide details on these interfering gases.
Wireless Optical Mesh Solution Networks
ClearMesh Networks Wednesday launched a wireless optical mesh solution designed to fill the gap between copper, RF and fiber in delivering 5mbps to 100mbps services to small and midsized businesses.
“There isn’t a cost-effective way for carriers today to extend fiber to SMBs,” said Fima Vaisman, ClearMesh’s senior vice president of marketing, explaining their monthly spend of $500 to $1,000 does not support a fiber trench where it is not already available. “What we provide is a solution that extends the fiber core without having to trench fiber.”
It also provides higher bandwidth than do copper and RF solutions, such as Wi-Fi and WiMAX, he said. “If a customer needs more bandwidth and they are looking for an SLA, we think there is a gap between those solutions provided at the entry level by WiMAX and Wi-Fi, and the high-end level by fiber. There is a gap in the middle. That is the gap we are trying to serve.”
Available immediately, the ClearMesh Metro Grid solution includes the ClearMesh 300 node, which can be mounted on a pole or rooftop, and the ClearMesh Management System, which provides tools for installation, diagnostics, service analysis and provisioning. The ClearMesh 300 node combines wireless and optical technologies with a Layer 2 mesh architecture to deliver business-grade Ethernet.
“The ClearMesh 300 Node is a switching platform,” explained Vaisman. “It has an Ethernet switch with 2-gigabit Ethernet capacity. Four of the Ethernet ports are copper and they are connected to optical transceivers.”
The optical transceivers, he said, are LED-based, which gives them a wider beam than systems using lasers, like free-space optics. “What that allows the product to do is be installed on a light pole as well as on top of a building,” said Vaisman. “A laser product cannot be installed on a light pole because the light pole has too much vibration, too much movement. The product wouldn’t stay locked on. With the product we have the light beams are locked on and stay locked on using automatic tracking whether on a light pole or building. With that you have a much broader ability to deploy a mesh in a metro area. If the device moves, the light cone still hits the other node.”
Each node has three optical transceivers, which operate on the license-free 850nm light band and reach 250 meters. Each transceiver is motorized, so it can move independently up and down, and 360 degrees around. “This allows each node to see three other nodes. Using that, we create a mesh,” said Vaisman, explaining the mesh requires one node to be fiber-feed, and several nodes can be fed from the same fiber to increase the capacity delivered into the mesh.
The ClearMesh node lists for $6,000, and less in volume. Considering installation costs, the company uses $5,000 per node in its ROI calculations. In contrast to trenching fiber, ClearMesh can cover seven buldings in a MetroGrid network for $35,000 in a matter of days while the fiber deployment over the same area will cost $180,000 and take months to install, he said. With a single customer per building and a single T1 replacement at $500 per month, the payback is 10 months, Vaisman said, adding a more realistic scenario is three customers per building paying $750 per month for a 10mbps service for an ROI of two months.
Yankee Group Analyst Tara Howard agrees that the ClearMesh solution serves “as a logical extension of a fiber network,” but she questions the market potential, discounting its appeal to Tier 1 companies that are laying fiber. “The opportunity is going to be with local LECs and municipalities,” she said, adding the fact that it does not compete with Wi-Fi or WiMAX is a plus.
“We don’t do what Wi-Fi does; we don’t offer mobility,” said Vaisman. “We don’t do what WiMAX does; we don’t offer five-mile reach. In a dense metro area, we offer high bandwidth and the ability to sign SLAs without any interference,” he said. The systems offers latency at one-tenth of 1ms, so 10 nodes equals 1ms of delay.
“There isn’t a cost-effective way for carriers today to extend fiber to SMBs,” said Fima Vaisman, ClearMesh’s senior vice president of marketing, explaining their monthly spend of $500 to $1,000 does not support a fiber trench where it is not already available. “What we provide is a solution that extends the fiber core without having to trench fiber.”
It also provides higher bandwidth than do copper and RF solutions, such as Wi-Fi and WiMAX, he said. “If a customer needs more bandwidth and they are looking for an SLA, we think there is a gap between those solutions provided at the entry level by WiMAX and Wi-Fi, and the high-end level by fiber. There is a gap in the middle. That is the gap we are trying to serve.”
Available immediately, the ClearMesh Metro Grid solution includes the ClearMesh 300 node, which can be mounted on a pole or rooftop, and the ClearMesh Management System, which provides tools for installation, diagnostics, service analysis and provisioning. The ClearMesh 300 node combines wireless and optical technologies with a Layer 2 mesh architecture to deliver business-grade Ethernet.
“The ClearMesh 300 Node is a switching platform,” explained Vaisman. “It has an Ethernet switch with 2-gigabit Ethernet capacity. Four of the Ethernet ports are copper and they are connected to optical transceivers.”
The optical transceivers, he said, are LED-based, which gives them a wider beam than systems using lasers, like free-space optics. “What that allows the product to do is be installed on a light pole as well as on top of a building,” said Vaisman. “A laser product cannot be installed on a light pole because the light pole has too much vibration, too much movement. The product wouldn’t stay locked on. With the product we have the light beams are locked on and stay locked on using automatic tracking whether on a light pole or building. With that you have a much broader ability to deploy a mesh in a metro area. If the device moves, the light cone still hits the other node.”
Each node has three optical transceivers, which operate on the license-free 850nm light band and reach 250 meters. Each transceiver is motorized, so it can move independently up and down, and 360 degrees around. “This allows each node to see three other nodes. Using that, we create a mesh,” said Vaisman, explaining the mesh requires one node to be fiber-feed, and several nodes can be fed from the same fiber to increase the capacity delivered into the mesh.
The ClearMesh node lists for $6,000, and less in volume. Considering installation costs, the company uses $5,000 per node in its ROI calculations. In contrast to trenching fiber, ClearMesh can cover seven buldings in a MetroGrid network for $35,000 in a matter of days while the fiber deployment over the same area will cost $180,000 and take months to install, he said. With a single customer per building and a single T1 replacement at $500 per month, the payback is 10 months, Vaisman said, adding a more realistic scenario is three customers per building paying $750 per month for a 10mbps service for an ROI of two months.
Yankee Group Analyst Tara Howard agrees that the ClearMesh solution serves “as a logical extension of a fiber network,” but she questions the market potential, discounting its appeal to Tier 1 companies that are laying fiber. “The opportunity is going to be with local LECs and municipalities,” she said, adding the fact that it does not compete with Wi-Fi or WiMAX is a plus.
“We don’t do what Wi-Fi does; we don’t offer mobility,” said Vaisman. “We don’t do what WiMAX does; we don’t offer five-mile reach. In a dense metro area, we offer high bandwidth and the ability to sign SLAs without any interference,” he said. The systems offers latency at one-tenth of 1ms, so 10 nodes equals 1ms of delay.
Residual Gas Analyzer
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor industry. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there exists two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10 − 14 Torr levels, possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
Gas Analyzer
The Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) is a scientific instrument aboard the Phoenix spacecraft. TEGA's design is based on experience gained from the failed Mars Polar Lander. Soil samples taken from the Martian surface by the robot arm are eventually delivered to the TEGA, where they are heated in an oven to about 1,000ºC. This heat causes the volatile compounds to be given off as gases which are sent to a mass spectrometer for analysis. This spectrometer is adjusted to measure particularly the isotope ratios for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and heavier gases. Detection values as low as 10 parts per billion. The Phoenix TEGA has 8 ovens, which are enough for 8 samples.
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor industry. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there exists two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10 − 14 Torr levels, possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor industry. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there exists two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10 − 14 Torr levels, possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
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